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	<title>Sazanka &#187; Species</title>
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	<link>http://sazanka.org</link>
	<description>The Flower of Autumn Sun</description>
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		<title>The Art of Camellia Grafting. Example 1.</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2009/09/20/grafting-1/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2009/09/20/grafting-1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2009 07:15:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[C. vietnamensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Grafting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bark grafting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cleft grafting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dwarf Shishi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grafting tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Propagation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toichi Domoto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vietnamensis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=270</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



The Art of Camellia Grafting. Example 1.
Yuri Panchul, 2009.
Suppose you have a camellia you don&#8217;t like.
For example I don&#8217;t like this specimen for three reasons:

I think it is mislabeled. I bought it as &#8220;Camellia vietnamensis&#8221; but a real C. vietnamensis is supposed to be a member of Paracamellia/Oleifera section of the genus and this particular [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2009/09/20/grafting-1/"></a></div><p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_03_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_03_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_20_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_20_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_32_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_32_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><span id="more-270"></span><br />
The Art of Camellia Grafting. Example 1.<br />
Yuri Panchul, 2009.</p>
<p>Suppose you have a camellia you don&#8217;t like.<br />
For example I don&#8217;t like this specimen for three reasons:</p>
<ol>
<li>I think it is mislabeled. I bought it as &#8220;Camellia vietnamensis&#8221; but a real C. vietnamensis is supposed to be a member of Paracamellia/Oleifera section of the genus and this particular specimen has nothing to do with any member of this section I know.</li>
<li>It does not tolerate any sun. Full shade only.</li>
<li>It did not bloom in my garden.</li>
</ol>
<p>At the same time this specimen has a good root system, so it can be used as understock for grafting.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_01_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_01_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>The plant I decided to propagate using grafting is Camellia x hiemalis &#8216;Dwarf Shishi&#8217;. This is a relatively rare miniature sasanqua originated by Toichi Domoto (1883-1992), a Japanese American nurseryman who lived in California:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_02_on_Nov_16.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_02_on_Nov_16.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>This is a picture of Toichi Domoto from his high school album in Alameda county:</p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/toichi_domoto_3.jpg"></p>
<p>March 14, 2009</p>
<p>So let&#8217;s prepare the instruments:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_03_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_03_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_04_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_04_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_05_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_05_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_06_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_06_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Before grafting the soil in the container should not be too dry, but nevertheless on the dry side &#8211; overwatering is likely to cause the scion to fail because of rot. Water it one week in advance and let it dry a little bit.</p>
<p>Cut the rootstock:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_07_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_07_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Prepare the rootstock. It is a nice idea to wear latex gloves to avoid contaminating the graft union, but I did not do it with this plant:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_08_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_08_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Cut for a classic cleft graft with two scions:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_09_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_09_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Insert a screwdriver:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_10_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_10_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Cut the scions:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_11_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_11_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Prepare each scion:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_12_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_12_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Insert the scions, carefully remove the screwdriver and cover everything with a rooting hormone powder.<br />
Actually, the hormone itself is probably irrelevant for the grafting success, but the powder contains fungicide and this fungicide helps to prevent rot.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_13_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_13_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Here is how to make a cut for another method of grafting &#8211; a so called bark grafting:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_14_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_14_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_15_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_15_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>The scion for the bark grafting is prepared in a way similar to cleft grafting, but it is inserted between the bark and the wood:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_16_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_16_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_17_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_17_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Let&#8217;s do it again on another branch:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_18_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_18_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_19_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_19_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Note how the scion&#8217;s cambium should be aligned for the maximum contact with the rootstock&#8217;s cambium:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_20_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_20_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_21_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_21_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Let&#8217;s prepare a wire cage, enclose everything tightly with a plastic bag (I am using standard garbage bags), put the whole thing in a full shade (otherwise the sun will fry it under the plastic) and forget about it for three months:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_22_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_22_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_23_on_Mar_14.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_23_on_Mar_14.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>July 4, 2009</p>
<p>Success. I was slowly preparing this specimen for the life outside the plastic bag by making a small hole in it and slowly increasing the hole during two weeks. You can do it once you notice a burst of growth from the scion&#8217;s buds. It is important not to do this too early (it may dry up and die) or too late (it may rot and die):</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_24_on_Jul_04.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_24_on_Jul_04.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>Note the new leaves do not look healthy &#8211; they grew up in shade inside the air-tight enclosure:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_25_on_Jul_04.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_25_on_Jul_04.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_26_on_Jul_04.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_26_on_Jul_04.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_27_on_Jul_04.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_27_on_Jul_04.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>July 29, 2009</p>
<p>After 3 weeks the plant looks much healthier and has a lot of new growth:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_28_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_28_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_29_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_29_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_30_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_30_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_31_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_31_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_32_on_Jul_29.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_32_on_Jul_29.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>August 8, 2009</p>
<p>Now we have a nice plant of Dwarf Shishi. I am going to prune it next year to improve its shape:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_33_on_Aug_08.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_33_on_Aug_08.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>When I made this picture I put the plant on concrete surface. But you should not keep it on concrete surface for a long time because the concrete produces a lot of heat load and camellias do not like it:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/hires/grafting_2009_container_slide_34_on_Aug_08.jpg"><img src="http://sazanka.org/grafting/2009/container/medium/grafting_2009_container_slide_34_on_Aug_08.jpg" border="0"></a></p>
<p>The End</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The first book I ever read about Camellias was published in Ukrainian language</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2009/05/18/verzilin/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2009/05/18/verzilin/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2009 03:34:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[C. sinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ukraine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mykola Verzilin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tea plant]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Below is the scan of the first book I ever read about Camellias. The book was called &#8220;Travels with houseplants&#8221;, it was written by Mykola Verzilin and published in 1973 in Kiev, Ukraine in Ukrainian language. This chapter was describing both tea plant and decorative camellias.









]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2009/05/18/verzilin/"></a></div><p>Below is the scan of the first book I ever read about Camellias. The book was called &#8220;Travels with houseplants&#8221;, it was written by Mykola Verzilin and published in 1973 in Kiev, Ukraine in Ukrainian language. This chapter was describing both tea plant and decorative camellias.</p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin_camellia.jpg"><br />
<span id="more-225"></span></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin_tea.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin2_2.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin3_2.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin4_1.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin4_2.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin5_1.jpg"></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/books/verzilin/medium/verzilin5_2.jpg"></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The religion of tea in China and Japan</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2009/04/06/tea/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2009/04/06/tea/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2009 00:42:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[C. sinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The New Times (Новое Время)]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=190</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Russian weekly &#8220;Novoye Vremya&#8221; (The New Times) published my article about the culture of tea in China and Japan. To write this article I asked several question one of the leading experts on genus Camellia &#8211; Professor Gao Jiyin from from Fuyang Institute of Subtropical Forestry, China.
Российский журнал &#8220;Новое Время&#8221; (The New Times) опубликовал мою [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2009/04/06/tea/"></a></div><p><a href="http://newtimes.ru"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-7" style="margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; float: left;" title="the_new_times" src="http://panchul.com/periodicals/logo/the_new_times.gif" alt="The New Times magazine logo / Логотип журнала Новое Время" /></a>Russian weekly <a href="http://newtimes.ru">&#8220;Novoye Vremya&#8221; (The New Times)</a> published my article about the culture of tea in China and Japan. To write this article I asked several question one of the leading experts on genus Camellia &#8211; Professor Gao Jiyin from from Fuyang Institute of Subtropical Forestry, China.</p>
<p></a>Российский журнал <a href="http://newtimes.ru">&#8220;Новое Время&#8221; (The New Times)</a> опубликовал мою статью о культуре чая в Китае и Японии. Для написания статьи я задал несколько вопросов одному из ведущих специалистов по ботанике чайного куста из Исследовательского института субтропической растительности в провинции Чжэцзян на юго-востоке Китая.</p>
<p><a href="http://archive.newtimes.ru/magazine/2009/issue106/doc-60764.html">http://archive.newtimes.ru/magazine/2009/issue106/doc-60764.html</a></p>
<p>To read this article in English using automatic translation by Google Translate, you can click here &#8211; <a href="http://tinyurl.com/d6eues">http://tinyurl.com/d6eues</a><br />
Traditional Chinese &#8211; <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cggt7p">http://tinyurl.com/cggt7p</a><br />
Simplified Chinese &#8211; <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cf7v35">http://tinyurl.com/cf7v35</a><br />
Japanese &#8211; <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cf5lso">http://tinyurl.com/cf5lso</a></p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_1.jpg" alt="Tea" title="Tea" width="300" height="225" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-256" /><big><font color=red>Религия чая.</font> В Европе и Америке чай — всего лишь напиток. В Китае и Японии, откуда он пришел, — это великая культура и фантастически интересная история. Чем объясняются романтические чувства к чаю у китайцев и японцев — узнавал The New Times</big><br />
<span id="more-190"></span><br />
<em>Юрий Панчул</em><br />
<em>Саннивейл, Калифорния</em></p>
<p><em>Первая чашка увлажняет мои уста и горло. Вторая чашка разбивает мое одиночество. Третья чашка находит в моем мозгу пять тысяч томов нелепых иероглифов. Четвертая чашка вызывает испарину — все плохое из жизни выходит через мои поры. На пятой чашке я очищен. Шестая зовет меня вверх в царство бессмертных. Седьмая чашка — и я улетаю на дуновении свежего ветра! Лю Тун, китайский поэт VIII века. <b>«Семь чашек чая»</b></em></p>
<p>Чай упоминается в классическом китайском «Трактате о корнях и травах», который приписывается «божественному земледельцу» Шэнь-нуну, жившему, согласно легенде, 5 тысяч лет назад. Современные исследователи предполагают, что эта книга была написана гораздо позже, во времена династии Хань (206 до н.э.–220 н.э.). Чай встречается также в нескольких мифах раннего даосизма и дзен-буддизма. Но первое надежное упоминание о чае относится к 350 году н.э., когда переписчик древнего словаря (относящегося к XVIII веку до н.э.) добавил это определение — «чай». В это же время китайцы начали переходить от сбора чайных листьев в лесу к созданию чайных садов и плантаций. Из медицинского растения для лечения болезней пищеварения и нервных расстройств чай постепенно стал популярным напитком.</p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_5.jpg" alt="Tea" title="Tea" width="300" height="225" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-260" /><strong>Монахи, поэты, самураи</strong></p>
<p>Китайский поэт Лу Юй (733–804) превратил чай из целебного растения в религиозный и культурный символ восточноазиатских стран. Лу Юй был сиротой, которого усыновил буддийский монах. Когда мальчик вырос, он отказался идти учиться в монастырь и убежал с бродячим цирком. После нескольких лет странствий Лу Юй вернулся к книгам. Он нашел мецената с обширной библиотекой и написал монументальный труд «Ча цзин» («Чайный канон»), в котором описал историю, способы выращивания и приготовления чая, а также ранний вариант чайной церемонии. Лу Юй подвел под чай «идеологическую базу», используя дзен-буддизм, даосизм и конфуцианство. Дао и дзен находят прекрасное и божественное в мелких событиях повседневной жизни, поэтому с точки зрения этих религий акт чаепития мог быть не менее значительным, чем момент достижения Буддой нирваны. Книга Лу Юя вызвала сенсацию, он стал другом императора Дэ-цзуна и приобрел толпы поклонников. На пике славы Лу Юй решил стать отшельником и удалился в горы, где до конца жизни занимался медитацией.</p>
<p>Вслед за Китаем моду на чай переняла Япония. В 729 году император Сёму подарил образцы чая 100 буддийским монахам во время четырехдневных штудий в императорском дворце. Вернувшись к себе в монастыри, монахи начали культивировать чай. Согласно Д.Т. Судзуки,<sup>1</sup> употребление чая освежало разум монахов, не вызывая опьянения, что гармонировало с изучением буддистских книг и медитацией. В 794 году император Камму перенес столицу из Нары в Киото, построил новый дворец с большим чайным садом и даже создал специальный пост управляющего чайными садами. К сожалению, через некоторое время в Японии начались феодальные междоусобицы, и император превратился в марионетку военных диктаторов самурайского клана Фудзивара. Вслед за ослаблением власти императора в упадок пришла и культура чая.</p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_4.jpg" alt="Tea" title="Tea" width="300" height="225" class="alignright size-full wp-image-259" />Чайный ренессанс в Японии наступил в 1191 году, когда из Китая прибыл монах по имени Эйсай, принеся в Японию дзен-буддизм и новые семена чая. Эйсай написал «Книгу об оздоровлении чаем», которая могла бы оказаться забытой, если бы не историческая случайность. Высокопоставленный самурай клана Минамото, будучи при смерти после длительного периода обжорства и излишеств, попросил Эйсая помолиться за свое выздоровление. Кроме молитвы Эйсай дал самураю чай — и тот неожиданно выздоровел. История о новом магическом эликсире быстро разнеслась, и Япония стала чайной страной.</p>
<p>В XIII веке Китай был завоеван монголами под предводительством Хубилая. Столетие власти варваров нанесло удар по утонченной китайской культуре чаепития, которая сформировалась во времена династий Тан и Сун и частично восстановилась только во время последующей династии Мин. К счастью, эта культура сохранилась в Японии — ее так и не удалось завоевать монголам. Японцы превратили раннюю китайскую чайную церемонию, описанную еще в «Каноне» Лу Юя, в очень сложное мероприятие с детально расписанными ритуалами приготовления чая в специальном чайном домике одновременно с неторопливыми беседами, созерцанием икебаны и произведений искусства.</p>
<p>Самураи приняли дзен-буддизм и чайную церемонию по причинам не только духовным, но и довольно прозаическим. В отличие от других религий, дзен-буддизм не требовал чтения богословских книг — просветление достигалось при помощи медитации под руководством персонального учителя. Это было очень удобно для самураев, которые, будучи военным классом, не любили читать. Кроме того, собрания в чайных домиках идеально подходили для секретных военных переговоров, несмотря на правила, что во время чайной церемонии нежелательно говорить о работе.</p>
<p><strong>Великое многообразие</strong></p>
<p>Медитация, религия и церемонии, конечно, придают чаепитию торжественность, но действительно ли чай, употребляемый в Восточной Азии, принципиально отличается от того, который привыкли пить в других странах, где чай популярен, — Великобритании, России, США? И да, и нет.</p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_3.jpg" alt="Tea" title="Tea" width="225" height="300" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-258" />Способы производства чая из листьев чайного куста разные. В зависимости от длительности технологических процессов завяливания, скручивания, ферментации и сушки на фабрике можно получить черный чай, зеленый, улунг и другие. И приготовление напитка сильно отличалось в разные эпохи. Во времена китайской династии Тан (618–907) чай приготавливали, заваривая «пирожки» из чайных листьев. Во времена династии Сун (960–1279) высушенные чайные листья мололи в порошок, после чего этот порошок взбивали с горячей водой при помощи специального венчика. Затем Китай завоевали монголы, и утонченная культура эпохи Сун пришла в упадок. После ухода монголов, во времена эпохи Мин (1368–1644) чай стали заваривать, как мы это делаем и сейчас. Порошковый чай в стиле эпохи Сун сохранился только в Японии — так готовят горьковатый непрозрачный чай матча во время чайной церемонии.</p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_2.jpg" alt="Tea" title="Tea" width="300" height="261" class="alignright size-full wp-image-257" />Существуют и ботанические различия. Чай (по-научному Camellia sinensis, или камелия китайская) — это растение из большого рода Camellia, к которому относится, например, камелия японская (Camellia japonica) — декоративное растение с большими цветками, известное в России по роману Дюма «Дама с камелиями». Согласно Гао Цзииню,<sup>2</sup> в род Camellia входит около 280 биологических видов, из которых для чая можно использовать не только камелию китайскую, но и еще более 15 видов, содержащих кофеин, например Camellia ptilophyla. Из последней в Китае приготавливается так называемый белый шерстяной чай, практически неизвестный на Западе. Даже внутри самого вида Camellia sinensis существует около сотни подвидов и региональных вариаций. Из этих вариаций на Западе больше всего употребляется чай, приготовленный из Camellia sinensis var assamica — крупнолистной вариации, которую нашли англичане в XIX веке в индийской провинции Ассам, и ее гибридов с мелколистной китайской разновидностью Camellia sinensis var sinensis, которые выращивают в Шри-Ланке.</p>
<p>Сорта чая очень сильно отличаются также по размерам срываемого листа, сезону сбора, климату и, что очень важно, высоте чайной плантации над уровнем моря. Чай с низкой плантации растет быстро, но его вкусовые качества не очень высоки. Чай с высоких гор вкуснее и гораздо дороже. Тем, кто хочет испытать эмоции китайских поэтов, нужно покупать не массовые сорта, а идти в специализированный чайный магазин.</p>
<p><img src="http://panchul.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/tea_6.jpg" alt="tea_6" title="tea_6" width="135" height="300" class="alignright size-full wp-image-261" /><strong>Самый лучший чай</strong></p>
<p>Как утверждает Гао Цзиинь, в результате экономических реформ и открытия Китая для мира чайные плантации быстро множатся и объем торговли с иностранцами возрастает. Одной из последних новинок стало использование для приготовления чая близкой родственницы чайного куста — золотой камелии.<sup>3</sup> Некоторые другие родственницы чайного куста, в частности, масляная камелия (Camellia oleifera), используются в Южном Китае для производства пищевого масла.<sup>4</sup> Гао Цзиинь говорит, что «китайское правительство уделяет много внимания производству масла из «сестер чая», так как оно более высокого качества, чем масло из кукурузы, подсолнечника и других культур». На вопрос The New Times, какой чай самый лучший, Гао Цзиинь ответил: «Жители Тибета любят черный чай, жители Южного Китая — зеленый, тайваньцы любят улунг, жители провинции Чжэцзян — лунцзин, а провинции Юньнань — пуэр. Для улучшения зрения хорошо пить зеленый чай, а для пищеварения — черный. Одним словом, чай, который вам нравится, и будет для вас самым лучшим».</p>
<p><strong><font color=red>В современной Японии чайная церемония</font> существует не только для неторопливых разговоров о вечном. 90% посетителей школ чайной церемонии — это молодые женщины среднего класса, которые считают, что диплом школы поможет им хорошо выйти замуж.</strong></p>
<p><strong><font color=red>Большинство брендов чая из супермаркета</font> — это смеси из нескольких источников. Каждый бренд должен поддерживать более-менее постоянный вкус, независимо от урожая на отдельно взятой плантации. Если в смесь входит дюжина чаев из разных стран и один из этих источников оказывается по каким-то причинам недоступным, то компания — владелец бренда может легко заменить один из ингредиентов на похожий, после чего вкус смеси практически не изменится. В массовой чайной индустрии существует очень жесткая конкуренция. Разница в один цент толкает производителей на использование дешевых чаев, выросших на равнине, а не в горах. Поэтому многие массовые сорта чая с точки зрения тонких ценителей являются посредственными.</strong></p>
<p>_______________</p>
<p><sup>1</sup> Дайсэцу Тэйтаро Судзуки (1870–1966), известный популяризатор дзен-буддизма на Западе, автор книг «Дзен и искусство чая» и «Дзен и самураи».</p>
<p><sup>2</sup> Один из ведущих специалистов по чайному кусту из Исследовательского института субтропической растительности в провинции Чжэцзян на юговостоке Китая.</p>
<p><sup>3</sup> Золотая камелия — Camellia chrysantha — была открыта в лесах Южного Китая только в 1970-х годах, а до этого считалась выдумкой путешественников.</p>
<p><sup>4</sup> Чайное масло от масляной камелии не следует путать с так называемым маслом чайного дерева, которое добывается из растения Melaleuca alternifolia, не имеющего никакого отношения к чаю.</p>
<p><b>Источники общей информации о чае (не включая ботанику)</b></p>
<p>1. Joel David and Karl Schapira. The Book of Coffee and Tea. 1996.<br />
2. D.T. Suzuki. Zen and the Art of Tea.<br />
3. Kakuzo Okakura.The Book of Tea.<br />
4. Kit Chow and Ione Kramer. All the Tea in China. 1990.<br />
5. Jane Pettigrew. The Tea Companion. 2004.<br />
6. Seno Tanaka, Sendo Tanaka, and Edwin O. Reischauer. The Tea Ceremony. 2000.<br />
7. Lester A. Mitscher and Victoria Dolby. The Green Tea Book. 1998.</p>
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		<title>A new catalog from Camellia Forest Nursery, Fall 2008 &#8211; my review</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2008/10/04/camforest/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2008/10/04/camforest/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Oct 2008 05:19:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Camellia Forest Nursery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interspecies hybrids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oleifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anthocyanin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clifford Parks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[David Parks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gaisen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kai Mei]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[low growing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lu Shan Snow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mieko Tanaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nanjing Botanical Garden]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuccio's Nurseries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[O'Nishiki]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Otome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plain Jane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shishigashira]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[single]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Takayuki Tanaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[true red]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Winter’s Red Rider]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Winter’s Rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yuletide]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/wordpress/?p=100</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Camellia Forest Nursery is a nursery in North Carolina managed by Kai Mei and David Parks. Kai Mei is a wife of Dr. Clifford Parks (one of the authors of &#8220;Collected Species of the Genus Camellia&#8221;, 2005) and David Parks is their son.
Mieko Tanaka
The most interesting sasanqua hybrid offered this year is a true red [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2008/10/04/camforest/"></a></div><p><a href="http://camforest.com"><img alt="" src="http://www.sazanka.org/catalogs/small/camforest_2008.jpg" title="Camellia Forest Nursery Catalog, Fall 2008" class="alignright" width="170" height="225" /></a>Camellia Forest Nursery is a nursery in North Carolina managed by Kai Mei and David Parks. Kai Mei is a wife of Dr. Clifford Parks (one of the authors of &#8220;Collected Species of the Genus Camellia&#8221;, 2005) and David Parks is their son.</p>
<p><strong>Mieko Tanaka</strong></p>
<p>The most interesting sasanqua hybrid offered this year is a true red <a href="http://www.camforest.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&#038;cPath=1_3_10&#038;products_id=34">&#8216;Mieko Tanaka&#8217;</a>. Almost all previous &#8220;red&#8221; sasanquas were actually dark pinks (for example <a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/dark-pinks">&#8216;Bonanza&#8217; and &#8216;Reverend Ida&#8217;</a>). The only previous true red was <a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/yuletide-and-hiryu/">&#8216;Yuletide&#8217;</a>, a chance seedling of Hiryu, originated in <a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/breeders/nuccio">Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries</a> back in 1963.</p>
<p>The basic problem with red color is that wild C. sasanqua has no red (or pink) pigment &#8211; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin">anthocyanin</a>. </p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/200px-anthocyanines_svg.png"><img src="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/200px-anthocyanines_svg.png" alt="" title="Anthocyanines" width="200" height="146" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-113" /></a></p>
<p>According to Dr. Takayuki Tanaka and other researchers, all pink sasanqua cultivars probably originated from an ancient C. japonica x sasanqua hybrid approximately 400 years ago almost definitely in Japan. The estimation 400 years comes from chloroplast genome DNA (cpDNA) analysis. Additionally, athocyanin chromatography demonstrates that all pink sasanquas (together with x hiemalis and x vernalis hybrids) share the form of anthocyanin with C. japonica and does not have pigments specific for C. reticulata and C. saluensis. </p>
<p>Based on this information, Dr. Tanaka was working on sasanqua-japonica hybridization and finally he developed a <a href="http://www.camforest.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&#038;cPath=1_3_10&#038;products_id=34">cultivar &#8216;Mieko Tanaka&#8217; (C. x vernalis ‘Gaisen’ x C. japonica)</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Plain Jane, O&#8217;Nishiki, Winter’s Rose and Winter&#8217;s Red Rider</strong></p>
<p>Another important cultivar now available for sale in Camellia Forest Nursery is <a href="http://www.nichollsgardens.com/wOLIEFER.jpg">C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217;</a>. This plain white flower has two distinctive quantities.</p>
<p>First of all, it is one of the most cold-hardy camellias, used by Dr. William Ackerman for his cold-hardiness hybridization program. For example, Dr. Ackerman claims that his cultivar &#8216;Winter’s Rose&#8217; (C. oleifera ‘Plain Jane’ x C. x hiemalis ‘Otome’) can survive winter temperatures down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p>Second, according to Dr. Ackerman, ‘Plain Jane’ may be used to create dwarf cultivars that are useful as patio and bonsai plants. Particularly, &#8216;Winter’s Rose&#8217; is also a dwarf camellia. When Dr. Ackerman crossed ‘Plain Jane’ with C. sasanqua &#8216;O&#8217;Nishiki&#8217;, he got 3:1 mendelian ratio between normal and dwarf seedlings. This suggested that both ‘Plain Jane’ and &#8216;O&#8217;Nishiki&#8217; carry heterozygous alleles of a dwarfiness gene. (Yes, I know that both plants are hexaploids &#8211; so an additional explanation from Dr. Ackerman is needed).</p>
<p>Luckily I got cuttings of &#8216;O&#8217;Nishiki&#8217; last Summer from Mr. Garet Uemura who lives in Hawaii. Thank you, Mr. Uemura!<br />
<span id="more-100"></span><br />
This year I also bought two more plants of another semi-dwarf Ackerman hybrid &#8211; &#8216;Winter&#8217;s Red Rider&#8217; (C. ‘Shishigashira’ × C. oleifera ‘Lu Shan Snow’).</p>
<p>Here is a picture of &#8216;Winter&#8217;s Rose&#8217; (C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;). William Ackerman claims that it survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_6.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_6.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>Further reading:</p>
<p>1. Parks, C R, Griffiths, A, and Montgomery, K R. 1968. A possible origin of anthocyanin (red) pigmentation in the flowers of Camellia sasanqua. American Camellia Yearbook, 229–242.</p>
<p>2. Parks, C R, Kondo, K, and Swain, P. 1981. Phytochemical evidence for the genetic contamination of Camellia sasanqua. Thunberg Jap J Breed, 31, 168–182.</p>
<p>3. Jian-Bin LI, Fumio HASHIMOTO, Keiichi SHIMIZU and Yusuke SAKATA, “Anthocyanins from Red Flowers of Camellia reticulata LINDL.”, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., Vol. 71, 2833-2836 (2007) .<br />
<a href="http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/71/11/71_2833/_article">http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/71/11/71_2833/_article</a></p>
<p>4. Takayuki Tanaka, Takayuki Mizutani, Michio Shibata, Natsu Tanikawa and Clifford R. Parks. 2005. Cytogenetic Studies on the Origin of Camellia × vernalis. V. Estimation of the Seed Parent of C. × vernalis that Evolved about 400 Years Ago by cpDNA Analysis. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 74: 464-468<br />
<a href="http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjshs/74/6/74_464/_article">http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjshs/74/6/74_464/_article<br />
</a></p>
<p>5. Nobumine Tateishi, Yukio Ozaki and Hiroshi Okubo. Occurrence of Ploidy Variation in Camellia ×vernalis. Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Division of Agricultural Botany,Department of Plant Resources, Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan (Received November 2, 2006 and accepted December 1, 2006).<br />
<a href="https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/9273/1/p011.pdf">https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/9273/1/p011.pdf</a></p>
<p>6. Murakami Yukie, Tanaka Jun&#8217;ichi, Yamaguchi Satoshi. Hybridity detection of cultivars of Camellia vernalis by RAPD markers. Breeding Research, vol. 1, page 169 (1999). In Japanese.</p>
<p>7. William L. Ackerman. Beyond the Camellia Belt: Breeding, Propagating, and Growing Cold-Hardy Camellias. Ball Publishing, 2007.</p>
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		<title>Camellia grijsii</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2008/03/13/grijsii/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2008/03/13/grijsii/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2008 03:25:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Small-leaved]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grijsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chromosome numbers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clifford Parks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cluster-flowering habit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Collected Species of the genus Camellia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[columnar habit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[de Grijs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[double]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Du Yueqiang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[长瓣短柱茶]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fujian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gao Jiyin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guangxi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hubei]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hybridizing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[impressed veins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Camellia Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[japonica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kamo Honnami]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Katsuhiko Kondo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kissii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuccio's Nurseries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oleifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paracamellia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sichuan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[single]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small leaves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tea oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yuhsienensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yume]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zhenzhu Cha]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/wordpress/2008/03/13/grijsii/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This month The International Camellia Society put two of my camellia photo pictures to the front page of their website. One is a picture of Camellia japonica &#8216;Kamo Honnami&#8217; (see their website), and another is a picture of Camellia grijsii, a species related to C. sasanqua:

C. grijsii
Camellia grijsii (长瓣短柱茶 in Chinese) Hance (1879) is a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2008/03/13/grijsii/"></a></div><p>This month <a href="http://camellia-ics.org">The International Camellia Society</a> put two of my camellia photo pictures to the front page of their website. One is a picture of Camellia japonica &#8216;Kamo Honnami&#8217; (see <a href="http://camellia-ics.org">their website</a>), and another is a picture of Camellia grijsii, a species related to C. sasanqua:</p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/grijsii_2.jpg" alt="Camellia grijsii" /><br />
<small><b>C. grijsii</b></small></p>
<p>Camellia grijsii (<big>长瓣短柱茶</big> in Chinese) Hance (1879) is a wild species of section Paracamellia. It is related to C. sasanqua, C. oleifera and C. kissii. It was collected in 1861 in Fujian by C.F.M. de Grijs. It is distributed in China (Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi) and used for a high-quality oil production. C. grijsii is closely related to another species &#8211; C. yuhsienensis, that is a parent of a popular cultivar &#8216;Yume&#8217;.</p>
<p>I got my two plants of C. grijsii from <a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/breeders/nuccio">Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries</a>. The first one (shown above) has single white flowers and the second one is a double-flowered Chinese cultivar called &#8216;Zhenzhucha&#8217;:</p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/grijsii_zhenzhucha_1.jpg" alt="Camellia grijsii 'Zhenzhucha'" /><br />
<small><b>Camellia grijsii &#8216;Zhenzhucha&#8217;</b></small></p>
<p>Camellia grijsii has great hybridizing potential. Two plants in my garden have small leaves with impressed veins and very columnar shape. I believe there are also varieties with larger leaves, but I am specifically interested in small-leaved cultivars.</p>
<p>Another great feature of C. grijsii is its cluster-flowering habit. However in my garden C. grijsii flowers from January to March, so it will be a challenge to cross it with Fall-flowering sasanquas. Probably I will have to store some pollen from sasanquas in refrigerator for a couple of months.</p>
<p>Another problem is chromosome number. According to Kondo and his associates it has a variety of chromosome numbers 2n = 30, 60, 75 and 90 (see the reference in Collected Species of the Genus Camellia, an Illustrated Outline by Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks and Du Yuequiang).<br />
<span id="more-48"></span><br />
<img src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/grijsii_1.jpg" alt="Camellia grijsii" /><br />
<small><b>C. grijsii</b></small></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/grijsii_zhenzhucha_2.jpg" alt="Camellia grijsii 'Zhenzhucha'" /><br />
<small><b>Camellia grijsii &#8216;Zhenzhucha&#8217;</b></small></p>
<p><img src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/grijsii_zhenzhucha_3.jpg" alt="Camellia grijsii 'Zhenzhucha'" /><br />
<small><b>Camellia grijsii &#8216;Zhenzhucha&#8217;</b></small></p>
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		<title>2008 National Camellia Show at Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2008/02/25/national-show-2008/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2008/02/25/national-show-2008/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2008 04:15:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Shows and conferences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[puniceiflora]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American National Shows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anemone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chang Hung Ta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chojiguruma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[粉红短柱茶]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hunan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kansai]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kennett Square]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Longwood Gardens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paracamellia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pennsylvania]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[photography competitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pink]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[single]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small leaves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zhejiang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[丁子車]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/wordpress/2008/02/25/national-show-2008/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I got two awards on 2008 National Camellia Show at Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. I took part in photography competition.
The first photo picture is of species Camellia puniceiflora from section Paracamellia:

Camellia puniceiflora (粉红短柱茶 in Chinese) Chang 1981. A wild species distributed in China: Zhejiang, Hunan. Small leaves, grows up to 2 m (6 f) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2008/02/25/national-show-2008/"></a></div><p>I got two awards on 2008 National Camellia Show at <a href="http://www.longwoodgardens.org">Longwood Gardens</a>, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. I took part in photography competition.</p>
<p>The first photo picture is of species Camellia puniceiflora from section Paracamellia:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/puniceiflora_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/puniceiflora_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p><b>Camellia puniceiflora</b> (<big>粉红短柱茶</big> in Chinese) Chang 1981. A wild species distributed in China: Zhejiang, Hunan. Small leaves, grows up to 2 m (6 f) high.</p>
<p>The second photo picture is of sasanqua cultivar called Chojiguruma:</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/chojiguruma_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/chojiguruma_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p><b>Chojiguruma</b>, <big>丁子車</big> in Japanese. Means “a wheel of anemone” in Japanese. Introduced in 1789. Originated in Kansai, spread to many places. This anemone form is very rare for C. sasanqua cultivars.</p>
<p>The complete list of all results of the Camellia Photography Show is below:<br />
<span id="more-49"></span><br />
Dear Exhibitors,<br />
Here are the results of the Camellia Photography Show at Longwood Gardens  this weekend.</p>
<p>Focus on Color: Class I</p>
<p>Red.</p>
<p>1. Dianne Schilling<br />
2. Ashley Higgenbotham<br />
3. Fred Shermer</p>
<p>White</p>
<p>1. Manisse Newell  *  Best in Show *<br />
2. Joanne Rosen<br />
3. Jane Ruffin<br />
4. Mary Wood</p>
<p>Pink</p>
<p>1. Jane Ruffin<br />
2. Penny Ross<br />
3. Don Bergamini<br />
4. Yuri Panchul</p>
<p>Bicolor</p>
<p>1. Ashley Higgenbotham<br />
2. Suzanne P  Hyatt<br />
3. Phyllis Reynolds<br />
4. Deane Hall</p>
<p>Elegant Beauties:</p>
<p>Class A</p>
<p>1. Joanne Rosen<br />
2. Marnah Lund<br />
3. Don Bergamini<br />
4. Jane Ruffin</p>
<p>Class B</p>
<p>1. Phylllis Reynolds<br />
2. Fred Schermer<br />
3. Yuri Panchul<br />
4. Ashley Higgenbotham</p>
<p>It was a beautiful exhibit, staged at the entrance to the main conservatory, and much admired by the public. Our thanks to everyone who sent entries: Your participation is what made the show a success.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Species and cultivars gallery</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/species-and-cultivars-gallery/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/species-and-cultivars-gallery/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Dec 2007 06:49:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Camellia Forest Nursery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Great Britain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interspecies hybrids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuccio's Nurseries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Small-leaved]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[William L. Ackerman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yuri Panchul]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oleifera]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=265</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. Introduction

Yuri Panchul Garden
2. Wild form

&#8593; Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/species-and-cultivars-gallery/"></a></div><h3>1. Introduction</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/garden_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/garden_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p><b>Yuri Panchul Garden</b></p>
<h3>2. Wild form</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/shikoku_stars_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/shikoku_stars_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;</b>. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/wild-form">More photos</a></p>
<h3>3. Big white single</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/narumigata_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/narumigata_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Narimugata</b>. Japan, introduced 1898. Originated in Tokyo, spread to Saitama. Name means &#8220;Narumi Bay&#8221;. Pentaploid, very vigorous, was crossed with C. reticulata to get &#8216;Girls&#8217; group of hybrids.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/big-white-single">More photos</a></p>
<h3>4. White double</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/white_doves_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/white_doves_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>White Doves</b>. The Japanese name is &#8216;Mine-no-yuki&#8217; meaning &#8220;Snow on the Ridge&#8221;. Introduced in 1898.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/white-double">More photos</a></p>
<h3>5. Single pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/hugh_evans_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/hugh_evans_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Hugh Evans</b>. Originated in Coolidge Rare Garden Plants, California in 1943.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/single-pinks">More photos</a></p>
<h3>6. Double pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/shishigashira_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/shishigashira_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Shishigashira</b>. C. x hiemalis. Means &#8220;Lion&#8217;s Head&#8221; in Japanese. Originated and spread in Kansai and Chubu. First mentioned in Engeikai Zasshi in 1894. Called &#8216;Kan-tsubaki&#8217; in Kanto area since 1933.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/double-pinks">More photos</a></p>
<h3>7. Semi-formal pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/enishi_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/enishi_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Enishi</b>. Means &#8220;Charming Appearance&#8221; in Japanese. Originated in Kumamoto. A seedling of a seed given to Kiyofusa Saito by Shigeru Sugiyama. This cultivar is recognized by Higo Sasanqua Society.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/semi-formal-pinks">More photos</a></p>
<h3>8. Peony pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/rosette_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/rosette_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Rosette</b>. Originated by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California in 1980.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/peony-pinks/">More photos</a></p>
<h3>9. Anemone pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/chojiguruma_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/chojiguruma_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Chojiguruma</b>. Means &#8220;a wheel of anemone&#8221; in Japanese. Introduced in 1789. Originated in Kansai, spread to many places.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/anemone-pinks">More photos</a></p>
<h3>10. Dark pinks</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/bonanza_2.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/bonanza_2.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Bonanza</b>. C. x hiemalis, seedling of &#8216;Crimson Bride&#8217;. Originated by Tom Dodd Jr, Semmes, Alabama in 1962.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/dark-pinks">More photos</a></p>
<h3>11. Yuletide and Hiryu</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/yuletide_2.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/yuletide_2.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Yuletide</b>. C. x vernalis. Originated by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California in 1963. A seedling of &#8216;Hiryu&#8217;.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/yuletide-and-hiryu">More photos</a></p>
<h3>12. Bicolor</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/navajo_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/navajo_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Navajo</b>. Imported from Japan by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California in 1956. The original name is lost.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/bicolor">More photos</a></p>
<h3>13. Egao group</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/egao_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/egao_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Egao</b>. C. x vernalis. Name means &#8220;smiling face&#8221; in Japanese. Originated in Kurume or Fukuoka. Imported to the United States by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California in either 1972 or 1977 (?).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/egao-group">More photos</a></p>
<h3>14. Oleifera and Ackerman hybrids</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/oleifera-and-ackerman-hybrids">More photos</a></p>
<h3>15. Other species and hybrids</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/stars_n_stripes_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/stars_n_stripes_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Stars&#8217;N'Stripes</b>. A chance seedling of &#8216;Christmas Rose&#8217; (Williams&#8217; Lavender x Shishigashira). Originated by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/other-species-and-hybrids">More photos</a></p>
<h3>16. Low growing and small foliage</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/starry_pillar_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/starry_pillar_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Starry Pillar (N#9820)</b>. A chance seedling, might be a sasanqua-tenuiflora hybrid. Columnar habit. Originated by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/wordpress/species-and-cultivars-gallery/low-growing-and-small-foliage">More photos</a></p>
<h3>17. Foliage</h3>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/silverado_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/silverado_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Silverado</b>. Light gray green small leaves. Originated by Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries, California.</p>
<h3>18. Credits</h3>
<p>All photo pictures &copy; Yuri Panchul.<br />
Text information is compiled from the following sources:</p>
<p>Ackerman, William L. 2007. <i>Beyond the Camellia Belt. Breeding, Propagating, and Growing Cold-Hardy Camellias</i>. Batavia, Illinois: Ball Publishing.</p>
<p>Ackerman, William L. 2002. <i>Growing Camellias in Cold Climates</i>. Baltimore, Maryland, Noble House.</p>
<p><i>Camellia Forest Nursery Catalog</i>. Fall 2007. Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</p>
<p>Chang Hung Ta and Bruce Bartholomew. 1984. <i>Camellias</i>. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.</p>
<p>Gao Jiyin, Clifford R. Parks and Du Yueqiang. 2005. <i>Collected Species of the genus Camellia. An illustrated outline.</i> China.</p>
<p>Japan Camellia Society. 1999. <i>The Nomenclature of Japanese Camellias and Sasanquas (Nippon Tsubaki . Sasanqua Meikan)</i>. English Translation supervised by Thomas J. Savige.</p>
<p>Macoboy, Stirling and Roger Mann. 1998. <i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Camellias</i>. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.</p>
<p><i>Nuccio&#8217;s Nurseries Catalog</i>. 2007-2008. Altadena, California.</p>
<p>Sealy, Robert J. 1958. <i>A Revision of the Genus Camellia</i>. London: The Royal Horticultural Society.</p>
<p>Trehane, Jennifer. 2007. <i>Camellias. The Gardener&#8217;s Encyclopedia</i>. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Wild form</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/wild-form/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/wild-form/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Dec 2007 05:31:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cultivars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carl Peter Thunberg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chromosome numbers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[first gallery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genichi Koidzumi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kwanji Nemoto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kyushu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[miyagii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryukyu islands]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shikoku]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shikoku Stars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[single]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tomitaro Makino]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild form]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=256</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
&#8593; Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) (Kondo, 1977).

&#8593; Camellia sasanqua, selection [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/wild-form/"></a></div><p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/shikoku_stars_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/shikoku_stars_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;</b>. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/shikoku_stars_2.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/shikoku_stars_2.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;</b>. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/shikoku_stars_3.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/shikoku_stars_3.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Camellia sasanqua, selection &#8216;Shikoku Stars&#8217;</b>. Thunberg 1784. Native to southern Japan: southern Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands. Thought to be a geographical variant of C. oleifera native to China. Grows up to 26 ft (8 m) Flowers early fall to mid-winter. Chromosome numbers: 2n = 90 (wild forms), 45-120 (cultivars) (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/miyagii_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/miyagii_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>C. miyagii</b>. Gen-ichi Koidzumi, Makino and Nemoto (1931). Ryukyu islands, Japan. Sometimes treated not as a separate species, but as a regional variety of C. sasanqua. Chromosome number: 2n = 90 (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/miyagii_2.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/miyagii_2.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>C. miyagii</b>. Gen-ichi Koidzumi, Makino and Nemoto (1931). Ryukyu islands, Japan. Sometimes treated not as a separate species, but as a regional variety of C. sasanqua. Chromosome number: 2n = 90 (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/miyagii_3.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/miyagii_3.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>C. miyagii</b>. Gen-ichi Koidzumi, Makino and Nemoto (1931). Ryukyu islands, Japan. Sometimes treated not as a separate species, but as a regional variety of C. sasanqua. Chromosome number: 2n = 90 (Kondo, 1977).</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Oleifera and Ackerman hybrids</title>
		<link>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/oleifera-and-ackerman-hybrids/</link>
		<comments>http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/oleifera-and-ackerman-hybrids/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Dec 2007 19:30:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri Panchul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oleifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clarke Abel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cold-hardy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[double]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[first gallery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hiemalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Katsuhiko Kondo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Otome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pink]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plain Jane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shanxi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[single]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tea oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[William L. Ackerman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Winter's Rose]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sazanka.org/?p=351</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
&#8593; C. oleifera. Abel 1818. Southern China, south of Yangtze River, Shanxi and Vietnam. Cultivated for oil production, used for cold-hardy hybrids, grows to 23 ft (7 m) hight, flowers in fall. Chromosome number: 2n = 30, 60, 90 (Kondo, 1977).

&#8593; Seedling of C. oleifera. Abel 1818. Southern China, south of Yangtze River, Shanxi and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="right" style="float:right;padding:0px 0px 5px 5px;"><a name="fb_share" type="box_count" share_url="http://sazanka.org/2007/12/28/oleifera-and-ackerman-hybrids/"></a></div><p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/oleifera_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/oleifera_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>C. oleifera</b>. Abel 1818. Southern China, south of Yangtze River, Shanxi and Vietnam. Cultivated for oil production, used for cold-hardy hybrids, grows to 23 ft (7 m) hight, flowers in fall. Chromosome number: 2n = 30, 60, 90 (Kondo, 1977).</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/oleifera_seedling_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/oleifera_seedling_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Seedling of C. oleifera</b>. Abel 1818. Southern China, south of Yangtze River, Shanxi and Vietnam. Cultivated for oil production, used for cold-hardy hybrids, grows to 23 ft (7 m) hight, flowers in fall.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_1.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_1.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_2.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_2.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_3.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_3.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_4.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_4.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_5.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_5.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
<p><a href="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/desc/winter_s_rose_6.htm"><img border=0 src="http://sazanka.org/cultivars/medium/winter_s_rose_6.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>&uarr; <b>Winter&#8217;s Rose</b>. C. oleifera &#8216;Plain Jane&#8217; x C. x hiemalis &#8216;Otome&#8217;. William Ackerman. Survives very low winter temperatures &#8211; down to -15 F / -26 C.</p>
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